Nkọwa:
Black chromium platingadịla azụmaahịa maka ihe karịrị afọ 50.A kọwapụtara plating chromium ojii mbụ na Mil Std 14538 nke na-edobe chromium ojii site nachromium hexavalentelectrolyte.N'ime afọ iri gara aga, enweela mmepe azụmahịa nke nkwụnye ego chromium ojii sitere na achromium trivalentelectrolyte.Akwụkwọ a ga-enyocha njirimara nkwụnye ego na nleba anya ọrụ nke ndị a yiri ya, machromium plating dị iche ichenkwụnye ego.
Okwu mmalite
Mma na anụ ọhịa (French: La Belle et la Bête) bụ akụkọ ifo nke onye France na-agụ akwụkwọ Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve dere ma bipụta ya na 1740. Ntụnyere anyị na ihe ngosi a agaghị abụ na akụkọ ifo kama ọ dị iche n'etititrivalent nahexavalentUsoro ntinye chromium ojii dabere na chromium.
Ọgụgụ 1 na-atụnyere ọdịdị nke trivalent na hexavalent usoro ngwọta.N'aka ekpe bụ usoro chromium sulfate nke dabere na trivalent ojii.Agba ngwọta dị omimi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, tank ahụ dị ọcha, ihe ngwọta ya dịkwa mma.Anyị kpebiri ngwa ngwa na a ga-akpọ usoro a Mma na ngosi a.
N'aka nri bụ usoro chromium trioxide nke dabeere na chromium.Agba ngwọta bụ agba aja aja na-acha ọbara ọbara.N'oge electroplating, hydrogen gas na-apụta, nke nwere ike ịmepụta alụlụ chromium nwere hexavalent.A ghaghị iji ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-achịkwa alụlụ a ma ọ bụ na-ebugharị ikuku.chromium ojii hexavalent, opekata mpe maka ihe ngosi a, ka a ga-akpọ nke kacha mma.
Ọgụgụ 1 - Ntụle nke trivalent na hexavalent ojii chromium plating usoro.
Ebumnobi nke ọrụ a bụ inyocha ọzọ nwa chromium electroplating nkwụnye ego na-ekpebi ihe bara uru ojiji na adabara ndị a mkpuchi n'ime ime na mputa ụgbọ ala na azụmahịa ngwa.A na-elekwasị anya na njirimara arụmọrụ anụ ahụ, gụnyere nchedo corrosion, nkwụsi ike ọkọ, nguzogide unyi na ọdịdị nke nkwụnye ego chromium ojii nwere hexavalent na trivalent.Nsonaazụ kwesịrị ịbụ ihe nduzi bara uru maka ịhọrọ nchịkọta kachasị mma nke mkpuchi mkpuchi iji nweta ọrụ a tụrụ anya ya.Anyị na-achọkwa ịmata ka nkwụnye ego chromium ojii si atụnyere ihe mkpuchi ojii ndị ọzọ, gụnyere PVD, uwe ntụ ntụ na nickel ojii na-enweghị electroless.
ndabere
Ikike ikike maka black chromium plating malite na 1952. The mbụ patent metụtara electroplating black chromium, e nyere Gilbert na Buhman.1 Gilbert na Buhman mepụtara usoro tinye n'ọrụ aqueous chromic anhydride na acetic acid iji nweta a gbara ọchịchịrị isi awọ ka nwa nkwụnye ego na. akụkụ égbè, ngwá agha na ngwá agha na Rock Island Arsenal.1 Ndị ọzọ patent e gbara akwụkwọ site Westinghouse Electric na 1956 na Kewanee Oil Company (Harshaw Chemical), nyere na 1971.2,3 The Harshaw Chemical patent, emecha e zigara site M&T Chemicals. A na-erekwa ya ugbu a n'okpuru aha ahia ahia Atotech Chemical Econo-chrome BK.
Patent mbụ makatrivalent chromium platingmalite na mmalite 1970. Gyllenspentz na Renton nke Albright na Wilson;yana Tremmel nke OMI (nke bụ MacDermid Enthone ugbu a), bụ otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ mbụ rụpụtara mmepe nke bat chromium electroplating trivalent.Ọrụ Tremmel lekwasịrị anya na itinye n'ọrụ nke ogige thiazole, ebe ọrụ Gyllenspentz na Renton lekwasịrị anya n'iji formate, acetate, bromide na ammonium iji nweta nkwụnye ego nke azụmahịa.4-7 Ọzọkwa, nhazi azụmahịa ọhụrụ na-enye chloride ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ sulfate dabeere na ya bụ karịa. a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a dị mfe ịchịkwa.
Ntụnyere arụmọrụ
Tebụl 1 na-atụnyere paramita ọrụ nke ma ụdị chloride na sulfate nke chromium ojii trivalent na usoro chromium ojii hexavalent.3 Ihe dị iche na-arụ ọrụ nke mbụ na nke kachasị dị na electrolyte.Usoro chromium ojii nke trivalent na-eji chloride ma ọ bụ sulfate metal nnu nwere chromium maka electrolyte, ebe chromium ojii hexavalent na-eji chromium trioxide (ma ọ bụ chromic acid) maka isi akụrụngwa.Baths trivalent na-arụ ọrụ na pH nke 2-4 ebe chromium ojii hexavalent na-arụ ọrụ na pH nke na-erughị 1. Okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ yiri ya na ngwọta atọ niile.
Pịa ebe a ka ịmụta:Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Trivalent Chromium na Hexavalent Chromium
Tebụl 1 - Ntụle ọrụ nke chloride Cr (III), sulfate Cr (III) na Cr (VI)
Usoro.
Banyere ịtụba na mkpuchi, usoro chromium ojii trivalent nwere ike ịtụba ihe dị mma ma ga-ekpuchi akụkụ ya kpamkpam na-ejighi anodes inyeaka pụrụ iche.Enwere ike iji ụkpụrụ nkwakọba ọkọlọtọ.
Agbanyeghị, nke a abụghị ikpe na usoro chromium ojii hexavalent.Ịrụ ọrụ adịghị mma na-eduga na enweghị ike ịtụba na ikpuchi ike.Na-enweghị ihe ndozi pụrụ iche (ya bụ, anodes inyeaka), nkwụnye ego chromium ojii ga-enwe ọtụtụ ndò nke isi awọ na isi awọ/oji, yana ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ kwesịrị ịhazi maka oji kacha mma karịa oke njupụta dị ugbu a.
Banyere CheeYuen
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Oge nzipu: Feb-26-2024