Chidule:
Chophimba chakuda cha chromiumwakhala akupezeka pa malonda kwa zaka 50.Chovala choyambirira chakuda cha chromium chikufotokozedwa mu Mil Std 14538 chomwe chimayika chromium yakuda kuchokera kuhexavalent chromiumelectrolyte.Pazaka khumi zapitazi, pakhala chitukuko chamalonda cha ma depositi akuda a chromium kuchokera ku atrivalent chromiumelectrolyte.Pepalali lidzawunikiranso mawonekedwe a depositi ndi kulingalira kwa magwiridwe antchito a izi, komamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chromiummadipoziti.
Mawu Oyamba
Kukongola ndi Chirombo (Chifalansa: La Belle et la Bête) ndi nthano yolembedwa ndi wolemba mabuku wa ku France Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve ndipo inafalitsidwa mu 1740.tmpikisano ndihexavalentchromium-based black chromium plating njira.
Chithunzi 1 chikufanizira mawonekedwe a njira zotsatizana ndi hexavalent.Kumanzere ndi chromium sulfate-based trivalent black chromium plating process.Mtundu wa yankho ndi buluu wakuya, thanki ndi yoyera, ndipo yankho ndilokhazikika.Tinaganiza mosavuta kuti njirayi idzatchedwa Kukongola muzowonetseratu.
Kumanja kuli chromium trioxide-based black chromium plating process.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yofiira bulauni.Pa electroplating, mpweya wa haidrojeni umasintha, zomwe zimatha kupanga nkhungu yokhala ndi chromium.Nkhunguyi iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi chonyowetsa kapena mpweya wopumira.Chromium yakuda ya hexavalent, makamaka kwa ulaliki wonsewu, idzatchedwa yabwino kwambiri.
Chithunzi 1 - Kuyerekeza kwa trivalent ndi hexavalent wakuda chromium plating njira.
Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndikuwunika ma depositi ena akuda a chromium electroplating ndikuwona momwe zotchingirazi zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati ndi kunja kwa magalimoto ndi malonda.Imayang'ana kwambiri pa magwiridwe antchito a thupi, kuphatikiza chitetezo cha dzimbiri, kukana kukanda, kukana madontho komanso mawonekedwe a ma depositi akuda a chromium a hexavalent komanso trivalent.Zotsatirazo ziyenera kukhala ngati chitsogozo chothandizira posankha kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwa zokutira zomatira kuti mukwaniritse ntchito yomwe ikuyembekezeka.Tikufunanso kudziwa momwe ma chromium akuda amafananizira ndi njira zina zokutira zakuda, kuphatikiza PVD, malaya akuda a ufa ndi faifi yakuda ya electroless.
Mbiri
Ma Patent a black chromium plating kuyambira 1952. Patent yoyamba yokhudzana ndi electroplating black chromium, idaperekedwa kwa Gilbert ndi Buhman. zida zamfuti, zida zankhondo ndi zida zankhondo ku Rock Island Arsenal.1 Zovomerezeka zina zidaperekedwa ndi Westinghouse Electric mu 1956 ndi Kewanee Oil Company (Harshaw Chemical), yoperekedwa mu 1971.2,3 The Harshaw Chemical patent, pomaliza idasamutsidwa kudzera ku M&T Chemicals, ndipo tsopano ikugulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la malonda la Atotech Chemical Econo-chrome BK.
Ma Patent oyamba atrivalent chromium platingkuyambira kumayambiriro kwa 1970. Gyllenspentz ndi Renton wa Albright ndi Wilson;komanso Tremmel wa OMI (tsopano MacDermid Enthone), anali mmodzi wa apainiya oyambirira kuchita chitukuko trivalent chromium electroplating osambira.Ntchito ya Tremmel yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a thiazole, pamene ntchito ya Gyllenspentz ndi Renton inayang'ana pa kugwiritsa ntchito formate, acetate, bromide ndi ammonium kuti apeze ndalama zogulitsira malonda. omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri tsopano omwe ndi osavuta kuwongolera.
Kulinganiza kwa ntchito
Table 1 ikufanizira magawo ogwiritsira ntchito matembenuzidwe a chloride ndi sulphate a trivalent black chromium ndi hexavalent black chromium process.3 Kusiyana koyamba ndi kofunikira kwambiri kogwira ntchito kuli mu electrolyte.Mitundu itatu yakuda ya chromium imagwiritsa ntchito mchere wa chloride kapena sulphate chitsulo wokhala ndi chromium pa electrolyte, pomwe chromium yakuda ya hexavalent imagwiritsa ntchito chromium trioxide (kapena chromic acid) pagawo lalikulu.Masamba a trivalent amagwira ntchito pa pH ya 2-4 pamene chromium yakuda ya hexavalent imagwira ntchito pa pH yosakwana 1. Kutentha kwa ntchito kumakhala kofanana muzothetsera zonse zitatu.
Dinani apa kuti muphunzire:Kusiyana pakati pa Trivalent Chromium ndi Hexavalent Chromium
Table 1 - Kuyerekeza kwa chloride Cr(III), sulfate Cr(III) ndi Cr(VI)
Njira.
Ponena za kuponyera ndi kuphimba, njira zitatu zakuda za chromium zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoponyera bwino ndipo zimaphimba mbali zonse popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma anode apadera.Mapangidwe a racking angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Komabe, izi sizili choncho ndi njira ya hexavalent yakuda ya chromium.Kuchita bwino kumakhala kocheperako kumabweretsa kusowa kwa mphamvu zoponya ndi zophimba.Popanda zida zapadera zopangira rack (mwachitsanzo, ma anode owonjezera), choyikapo chakuda cha chromium chimakhala ndi mithunzi ingapo ya imvi ndi imvi / yakuda, ndipo zigawo zingapo zamankhwala ziyenera kusanjidwa bwino kuti zikhale zakuda kwambiri pamlingo wonse wapano.
About CheeYuen
Inakhazikitsidwa ku Hong Kong mu 1969,CheeYuenndi wopereka yankho kwa pulasitiki gawo kupanga ndi pamwamba mankhwala.Okonzeka ndi makina apamwamba ndi mizere kupanga (1 tooling ndi jekeseni akamaumba pakati, 2 electroplating mizere, 2 penti mizere, 2 PVD mzere ndi ena) ndi kutsogoleredwa ndi gulu odzipereka a akatswiri ndi amisiri, CheeYuen pamwamba Chithandizo amapereka turnkey njira kwachromed, kujambula&Zithunzi za PVD, kuchokera pakupanga zida zopangira (DFM) kupita ku PPAP ndipo pamapeto pake mpaka kumaliza kutumizira magawo padziko lonse lapansi.
Wotsimikiziridwa ndiIATF16949, ISO9001ndiISO 14001ndi audited ndiVDA 6.3ndiMtengo CSR, CheeYuen Surface Treatment yakhala yodziwika bwino kwa ogulitsa komanso othandizana nawo ambiri odziwika bwino opanga magalimoto, zida zamagetsi, ndi zosamba, kuphatikiza Continental, ALPS, ITW, Whirlpool, De'Longhi ndi Grohe, ndi zina.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-26-2024